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The following outline is provided as an overview of and topical guide to earth science: Earth science – all-embracing term for the sciences related to the planet Earth.〔(Wordnet Search: Earth science )〕 It is also known as geoscience, the geosciences or the Earth sciences, and is arguably a special case in planetary science, the Earth being the only known life-bearing planet. Earth science is a branch of the physical sciences which is a part of the natural sciences. It in turn has many branches. == Earth's spheres == Ecosphere – there are many subsystems that make up the natural environment (the planetary ecosystem or "ecosphere") of the Earth. Many of the subsystems are characterized as "spheres", coinciding with the shape of the planet. The four spheres (for which most of the other spheres are a subtype of) are the atmosphere, the biosphere, the hydrosphere and the geosphere. Listed roughly from outermost to innermost the named spheres of the Earth are: * Magnetosphere * Atmosphere, the gases that surround the Earth (its air) * *By altitude * * * Exosphere * * * Exobase * * * Ionosphere * * * Thermopause * * * Thermosphere * * * Mesopause * * * Mesosphere * * * Stratopause * * * Stratosphere * * * Ozone layer * * * Tropopause * * * Troposphere * * * Planetary boundary layer * *By air turbulence * * * Heterosphere * * * Turbopause * * * Homosphere * Biosphere, all life on Earth * * Anthroposphere * * * Noosphere (rare) * Cryosphere – those portions of Earth's surface where water is in solid form, including sea ice, lake ice, river ice, snow cover, glaciers, ice caps, ice sheets, and frozen ground (which includes permafrost). Thus, there is a wide overlap with the hydrosphere. * Hydrosphere – all water found on, under, and over the surface of Earth * Pedosphere * Geosphere/Solid Earth * * Lithosphere * * * Crust (geology) * * Asthenosphere * * Mesosphere * * Earth's mantle * * Earth's core * * *Inner core * * *Outer core 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「Outline of earth science」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
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